{
  "generated": "2026-11-08T06:27:55.483Z",
  "notice": {
    "en": "Open-source research from public sources; incomplete and correctable. Contribute via GitHub issues or email.",
    "issues": "https://github.com/fpietrosanti/eu-china-commons/issues/new?labels=funding-data&title=Funding%20data%3A%20",
    "email": "contact@eu-china-commons.eu"
  },
  "fx": {
    "source": "ECB SDW series EXR/A.CNY.EUR.SP00.A (annual average, CNY per 1 EUR)",
    "url": "https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/EXR/A.CNY.EUR.SP00.A",
    "retrieved": "2026-11-03",
    "rates": {
      "2015": 6.9733,
      "2016": 7.3522,
      "2017": 7.629,
      "2018": 7.8081,
      "2019": 7.7355,
      "2020": 7.8747,
      "2021": 7.6282,
      "2022": 7.0788,
      "2023": 7.66,
      "2024": 7.7875,
      "2025": 8.1185
    }
  },
  "records": [
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "China",
      "funder": "OpenAtom Open Source Foundation (开放原子开源基金会)",
      "instrument": "Donation income (statutory annual work report)",
      "instrument_type": "donation",
      "beneficiary": "foundations",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "selection": "membership/donor",
      "conditions": "donor-designated projects; MIIT-supervised public foundation",
      "sovereignty_frame": "not stated in filing",
      "intermediary": "foundation (OpenAtom, supervised by MIIT)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear — foreign donations 0 in every filed year 2020–2023",
      "outputs_required": "foundation-hosted OSS projects (OpenHarmony, openEuler…)",
      "id": "cn-openatom-donations-2020",
      "year": 2020,
      "amount": 16000000,
      "sources": [
        "https://openatom.cn/information/work",
        "sources/ocr/openatom-2020-work-report.ocr.txt"
      ],
      "note": "2020 年度工作报告 捐赠收入 16,000,000 (Huawei 6.0M, 杭州趣链 3.0M named); total income 17,531,494.85; expenditure 3,386,033.76; net assets 44,145,461.09. Corporate donations, NOT government money: summable:false. OCR, re-read on image. [3 Nov: reclassified private-foundation, summable in the PRIVATE total only — filed annual donation income.]",
      "eur": 2031823.4345435381,
      "rate": 7.8747,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 2031823.4345435381
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "China",
      "funder": "OpenAtom Open Source Foundation (开放原子开源基金会)",
      "instrument": "Donation income (statutory annual work report)",
      "instrument_type": "donation",
      "beneficiary": "foundations",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "selection": "membership/donor",
      "conditions": "donor-designated projects; MIIT-supervised public foundation",
      "sovereignty_frame": "not stated in filing",
      "intermediary": "foundation (OpenAtom, supervised by MIIT)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear — foreign donations 0 in every filed year 2020–2023",
      "outputs_required": "foundation-hosted OSS projects (OpenHarmony, openEuler…)",
      "id": "cn-openatom-donations-2021",
      "year": 2021,
      "amount": 68450000,
      "sources": [
        "https://openatom.cn/information/work",
        "sources/ocr/openatom-2021-work-report.ocr.txt"
      ],
      "note": "2021 年度工作报告 捐赠收入 68,450,000 (53.10M unrestricted + 15.35M restricted, OpenHarmony earmarks incl. JD 1.0M, 深开鸿 3.5M); expenditure 31,296,042.86; net assets 83,314,683.15. Corporate donations: summable:false. OCR. [3 Nov: reclassified private-foundation, summable in the PRIVATE total only — filed annual donation income.]",
      "eur": 8973283.343383761,
      "rate": 7.6282,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 8973283.343383761
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "China",
      "funder": "OpenAtom Open Source Foundation (开放原子开源基金会)",
      "instrument": "Donation income (statutory annual work report)",
      "instrument_type": "donation",
      "beneficiary": "foundations",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "selection": "membership/donor",
      "conditions": "donor-designated projects; MIIT-supervised public foundation",
      "sovereignty_frame": "not stated in filing",
      "intermediary": "foundation (OpenAtom, supervised by MIIT)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear — foreign donations 0 in every filed year 2020–2023",
      "outputs_required": "foundation-hosted OSS projects (OpenHarmony, openEuler…)",
      "id": "cn-openatom-donations-2022",
      "year": 2022,
      "amount": 63690000,
      "sources": [
        "https://openatom.cn/information/work",
        "sources/ocr/openatom-2022-work-report.ocr.txt"
      ],
      "note": "2022 年度工作报告 捐赠收入 63,690,000, 100% domestic; expenditure 38,793,773.53 (admin 9.69%); 5 projects 17.37M (OpenHarmony 9.40M); ~1.48M paid to The Linux Foundation (openEuler). Corporate donations, NOT government money: summable:false. OCR. [3 Nov: reclassified private-foundation, summable in the PRIVATE total only — filed annual donation income.]",
      "eur": 8997287.675877267,
      "rate": 7.0788,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 8997287.675877267
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "China",
      "funder": "OpenAtom Open Source Foundation (开放原子开源基金会)",
      "instrument": "Donation income (statutory annual work report)",
      "instrument_type": "donation",
      "beneficiary": "foundations",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "selection": "membership/donor",
      "conditions": "donor-designated projects; MIIT-supervised public foundation",
      "sovereignty_frame": "not stated in filing",
      "intermediary": "foundation (OpenAtom, supervised by MIIT)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear — foreign donations 0 in every filed year 2020–2023",
      "outputs_required": "foundation-hosted OSS projects (OpenHarmony, openEuler…)",
      "id": "cn-openatom-donations-2023",
      "year": 2023,
      "amount": 75502000,
      "sources": [
        "https://openatom.cn/information/work",
        "sources/ocr/openatom-2023-work-report.ocr.txt"
      ],
      "note": "2023 年度工作报告 捐赠收入 75,502,000, 100% domestic (Huawei Device 15.772M, Huawei Tech 12.08M, ChinaSoft 8.1M named); expenditure 97,508,167.59 (admin 3.95%); OpenHarmony 25.83M incl. 6.4854M Huawei Cloud fees. Donations, not government money: summable:false. OCR. [3 Nov: reclassified private-foundation, summable in the PRIVATE total only — filed annual donation income.]",
      "eur": 9856657.963446476,
      "rate": 7.66,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 9856657.963446476
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-openatom-cumulative-2020-2026",
      "level": "cn-central",
      "jurisdiction": "China",
      "funder": "OpenAtom Open Source Foundation (开放原子开源基金会)",
      "instrument": "Cumulative funds raised (press)",
      "instrument_type": "donation",
      "beneficiary": "foundations",
      "year": 2020,
      "period": "2020-2026",
      "amount": 600000000,
      "amount_type": "unknown",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "C",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.news.cn/info/20260625/a9b84c78ac8946c6a7e37bbae91513af/c.html"
      ],
      "note": "Xinhua 25 Jun 2026: more than CNY 600M raised since 2020 (self-reported, C). Filed 2020–2023: donations 223.64M, total income 270.46M; 2024–25 not filed publicly. Donations, not public money.",
      "selection": "membership/donor",
      "conditions": "donor-designated projects; MIIT-supervised public foundation",
      "sovereignty_frame": "not stated in filing",
      "intermediary": "foundation (OpenAtom, supervised by MIIT)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear — foreign donations 0 in 2022–2023",
      "outputs_required": "foundation-hosted OSS projects (OpenHarmony, openEuler…)",
      "eur": 76193378.79538268,
      "rate": 7.8747,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 10884768.399340382
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "level": "cn-central",
      "jurisdiction": "China",
      "funder": "OpenAtom Open Source Foundation (开放原子开源基金会)",
      "instrument": "Government subsidy (政府补助收入) to OpenAtom; 20.2M restricted to 开源项目生态培育平台",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "foundations",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "selection": "designated/direct-award",
      "conditions": "restricted to the open-source project ecosystem cultivation platform (service centre, compatibility testing, licence system, incubation, training)",
      "sovereignty_frame": "not stated in filing",
      "intermediary": "foundation (OpenAtom); granting body not named (MIIT likely, inference)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear",
      "outputs_required": "platform: unified community login, OSS evaluation/testing, licence/IP risk system, incubation tooling, training base",
      "id": "cn-openatom-gov-subsidy-2023",
      "year": 2023,
      "amount": 20700000,
      "sources": [
        "https://openatom.cn/information/work",
        "sources/ocr/openatom-2023-work-report.ocr.txt"
      ],
      "note": "2023 业务活动表 政府补助收入 20,700,000 (500,000 unrestricted + 20,200,000 restricted); project 开源项目生态培育平台 income 20,200,000, 2023 spend 9,170,572.70. Public money, disbursed, OSS-specific, but summable:false until granting body + OCR figure verified on image. Earlier subsidies 1,456,763 in 2020 and 2021 (purpose not stated).",
      "eur": 2702349.869451697,
      "rate": 7.66,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 2702349.869451697
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-guangdong-oss-community-opex-2026",
      "level": "cn-province",
      "jurisdiction": "Guangdong",
      "funder": "Guangdong Dept. of Science and Technology (广东省科学技术厅)",
      "instrument": "AI/robotics measures: open-source community/centre operating-cost support",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2026,
      "amount": 8000000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://gdstc.gd.gov.cn/kjzx_n/gdkj_n/content/post_4694765.html"
      ],
      "note": "Up to 5 communities/centres per year; 30% of audited previous-year operating expenses, 最高800万元 per project. Implied max 40M/yr, not a budget.",
      "selection": "competitive-review, max 5 per year",
      "conditions": "open-source community/centre in Guangdong; 30% of audited previous-year opex",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "provincial agency (广东省科学技术厅)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "community operation (maintenance-type opex support)",
      "eur": 985403.7075814499,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 985403.7075814499
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": true,
      "level": "cn-province",
      "jurisdiction": "Guangdong",
      "province": "Guangdong",
      "funder": "Guangdong Department of Industry and Information Technology (广东省工业和信息化厅)",
      "instrument": "2026年省级制造业当家重点任务保障专项资金（新一代信息技术和产业发展）支持信息化与软件服务业发展方向, allocated 14 Feb 2026 (粤财工〔2024〕17 framework)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "year": 2026,
      "amount_type": "allocated",
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://gdii.gd.gov.cn/zwgk/tzgg1011/content/post_4858029.html",
        "https://gdii.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/607/607088/4858029.wps",
        "https://gdii.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/607/607089/4858029.xlsx"
      ],
      "selection": "project plan allocated (下达) by provincial department",
      "sovereignty_frame": "notice cites national OpenHarmony ecosystem strategy and provincial AI/robotics + open-source system deployment (附件3 target sheet)",
      "intermediary": "provincial department",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "id": "cn-guangdong-openharmony-adaptation-centre-2026",
      "beneficiary": "companies-developing",
      "amount": 10000000,
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "note": "开源鸿蒙适配中心建设项目 → 科学城（广州）数字科技集团有限公司, ¥10M, marked 补改投 (grant converted to equity investment). Target sheet (附件3, A): public-interest, company-operated public service platform; full-chain adaptation chips→boards→devices→apps; verticals incl. e-government (政务), power, transport; goal 一中心两基地, provincial OpenHarmony ecosystem core platform. Verified on the original notice + WPS amounts table, upgrading the 3 Nov mziit.com relay lead (D→A).",
      "outputs_required": "adaptation centre build-out; KPI 开源鸿蒙适配覆盖重点行业 (industries covered); no upstream code release requirement stated",
      "eur": 1231754.6344768123,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 1231754.6344768123
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": true,
      "level": "cn-province",
      "jurisdiction": "Guangdong",
      "province": "Guangdong",
      "funder": "Guangdong Department of Industry and Information Technology (广东省工业和信息化厅)",
      "instrument": "2026年省级制造业当家重点任务保障专项资金（新一代信息技术和产业发展）支持信息化与软件服务业发展方向, allocated 14 Feb 2026 (粤财工〔2024〕17 framework)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "year": 2026,
      "amount_type": "allocated",
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://gdii.gd.gov.cn/zwgk/tzgg1011/content/post_4858029.html",
        "https://gdii.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/607/607088/4858029.wps",
        "https://gdii.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/607/607089/4858029.xlsx"
      ],
      "selection": "project plan allocated (下达) by provincial department",
      "sovereignty_frame": "notice cites national OpenHarmony ecosystem strategy and provincial AI/robotics + open-source system deployment (附件3 target sheet)",
      "intermediary": "provincial department",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "id": "cn-guangdong-guangzhou-oss-compute-centre-2026",
      "beneficiary": "soe-platform",
      "amount": 8000000,
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "note": "广州智算开源融合赋能中心 → 广州数据集团 (Guangzhou Data Group, SOE), ¥8M. Target sheet: hub of Guangdong domestic AI ecosystem, opens 算力+算法+数据+场景 resources, KPI includes 新增开源工具与组件数量 and 开源工具与数据集发布.",
      "eur": 985403.7075814499,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 985403.7075814499
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": true,
      "level": "cn-province",
      "jurisdiction": "Guangdong",
      "province": "Guangdong",
      "funder": "Guangdong Department of Industry and Information Technology (广东省工业和信息化厅)",
      "instrument": "2026年省级制造业当家重点任务保障专项资金（新一代信息技术和产业发展）支持信息化与软件服务业发展方向, allocated 14 Feb 2026 (粤财工〔2024〕17 framework)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "year": 2026,
      "amount_type": "allocated",
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://gdii.gd.gov.cn/zwgk/tzgg1011/content/post_4858029.html",
        "https://gdii.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/607/607088/4858029.wps",
        "https://gdii.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/607/607089/4858029.xlsx"
      ],
      "selection": "project plan allocated (下达) by provincial department",
      "sovereignty_frame": "notice cites national OpenHarmony ecosystem strategy and provincial AI/robotics + open-source system deployment (附件3 target sheet)",
      "intermediary": "provincial department",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "id": "cn-guangdong-guangzhou-ai-test-oss-centre-2026",
      "beneficiary": "companies-developing",
      "amount": 3390000,
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "note": "人工智能大模型和智能体应用测试验证开源生态中心 → 广州掌动智能科技有限公司, ¥3.39M. Target sheet: open-source operating model, open toolchain, developer community, standards.",
      "eur": 417564.8210876394,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 417564.8210876394
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": false,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-jiangsu-openatom-zijin-opc-fund-2026",
      "level": "cn-province",
      "jurisdiction": "Jiangsu",
      "funder": "Jiangsu Province / Suzhou, OpenAtom Zijin zone (开放原子紫金)",
      "instrument": "OPC fund matrix (planned)",
      "instrument_type": "equity-or-loan",
      "beneficiary": "companies-developing",
      "year": 2026,
      "amount": 1000000000,
      "amount_type": "committed-envelope",
      "oss_share": "unclear",
      "evidence": "A-v",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2026/8/29/art_60095_11822208.html"
      ],
      "note": "Planned total scale 不少于10亿元; venture-style, paid-in and public share unstated; retrieved via server (403 locally).",
      "selection": "investment decisions by fund managers",
      "conditions": "projects in OpenAtom Zijin zone (Suzhou)",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "fund matrix linked to OpenAtom regional zone",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "equity returns; incubated companies",
      "eur": 123175463.44768123,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 123175463.44768123
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": false,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-jiangsu-openatom-zijin-ai-microseed-2026",
      "level": "cn-province",
      "jurisdiction": "Jiangsu",
      "funder": "Jiangsu Province / Suzhou, OpenAtom Zijin zone",
      "instrument": "AI micro-seed fund",
      "instrument_type": "equity-or-loan",
      "beneficiary": "companies-developing",
      "year": 2026,
      "amount": 30000000,
      "amount_type": "committed-envelope",
      "oss_share": "unclear",
      "evidence": "A-v",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2026/8/29/art_60095_11822208.html"
      ],
      "note": "3000万元 AI micro-seed initiative announced Aug 2026; investment, not grant; public share unknown.",
      "selection": "investment decisions by fund managers",
      "conditions": "projects in OpenAtom Zijin zone (Suzhou)",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "fund matrix linked to OpenAtom regional zone",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "equity returns; incubated companies",
      "eur": 3695263.903430437,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 3695263.903430437
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-shanghai-oss-tools-2026",
      "level": "cn-province",
      "jurisdiction": "Shanghai",
      "funder": "Shanghai Municipal Government (上海市人民政府), 上海市加强开源体系建设实施方案",
      "instrument": "Special funds for key open-source tools",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "companies-developing",
      "year": 2026,
      "period": "2026-2027",
      "amount": 20000000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.cls.cn/detail/2240200",
        "https://www.ithome.com/0/907/836.htm"
      ],
      "note": "Plan published 25 Dec 2025: 安排专项资金 ... 对基础性开发工具研发项目给予最高2000万元的资金补助. Original plan text not yet fetched.",
      "selection": "competitive-review (遴选)",
      "conditions": "Shanghai entities; priority AI, chips, high-end software",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "municipal government (上海市经信委 likely; not confirmed)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "open-source tools/projects; plan targets 100 OSS-commercial firms, 3M developers by 2027",
      "eur": 2463509.2689536246,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 1231754.6344768123
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-shanghai-oss-project-award-2026",
      "level": "cn-province",
      "jurisdiction": "Shanghai",
      "funder": "Shanghai Municipal Government (上海市人民政府), 上海市加强开源体系建设实施方案",
      "instrument": "Direct awards to excellent open-source projects",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2026,
      "period": "2026-2027",
      "amount": 5000000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.cls.cn/detail/2240200"
      ],
      "note": "遴选一批优秀开源项目进行直接奖励，奖励资金最高500万元.",
      "selection": "competitive-review (遴选)",
      "conditions": "Shanghai entities; priority AI, chips, high-end software",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "municipal government (上海市经信委 likely; not confirmed)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "open-source tools/projects; plan targets 100 OSS-commercial firms, 3M developers by 2027",
      "eur": 615877.3172384062,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 307938.6586192031
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-shanghai-oss-graduation-award-2026",
      "level": "cn-province",
      "jurisdiction": "Shanghai",
      "funder": "Shanghai Municipal Government (上海市人民政府), 上海市加强开源体系建设实施方案",
      "instrument": "One-off award for projects graduating from foundations",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2026,
      "period": "2026-2027",
      "amount": 1000000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.ithome.com/0/907/836.htm"
      ],
      "note": "Reported: 毕业项目 一次性奖励100万元 (example cited: 开源鸿蒙与开源欧拉). Count unknown.",
      "selection": "competitive-review (遴选)",
      "conditions": "Shanghai entities; priority AI, chips, high-end software",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "municipal government (上海市经信委 likely; not confirmed)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "open-source tools/projects; plan targets 100 OSS-commercial firms, 3M developers by 2027",
      "eur": 123175.46344768124,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 61587.73172384062
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": false,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-dongguan-harmony-native-app-award",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Dongguan",
      "province": "Guangdong",
      "funder": "Dongguan Municipal Government (东莞市)",
      "instrument": "HarmonyOS/OpenHarmony native application award",
      "instrument_type": "adoption-subsidy",
      "beneficiary": "companies-developing",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 50000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "partial",
      "evidence": "C",
      "sources": [
        "https://im.dg.gov.cn/attachment/0/402/402058/4516149.pdf"
      ],
      "note": "Search-extract of official PDF (not read in full; year approximate): 在华为应用市场、开放原子开源基金会授权应用商城上架的原生应用或元服务 ... 给予开发企业最高5万元奖励. HarmonyOS vs OpenHarmony ambiguous.",
      "selection": "open-call",
      "conditions": "native app certified and listed in Huawei AppGallery or OpenAtom-authorised store",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "local bureau (Dongguan)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "app adoption/promotion results",
      "eur": 6158.773172384062,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 6158.773172384062
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-hangzhou-oss-incubation-2026",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Hangzhou",
      "province": "Zhejiang",
      "funder": "Hangzhou Municipal Government (杭州市人民政府)",
      "instrument": "杭政办函〔2026〕9号: open-source incubation projects",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2026,
      "period": "2026-2028",
      "amount": 1000000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://zfgb.hangzhou.gov.cn/10/104220263/t101220263044/530342.shtml"
      ],
      "note": "最高100万元 for incubation-stage projects hosted by a national open-source organisation; effective 27 May 2026–2028.",
      "selection": "competitive-review",
      "conditions": "Hangzhou entity; incubation project hosted by a national open-source organisation (e.g. OpenAtom)",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "municipal government / local bureau",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear — requires national open-source organisation",
      "outputs_required": "incubated OSS project / product",
      "eur": 123175.46344768124,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 41058.48781589374
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-hangzhou-oss-excellent-project-2026",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Hangzhou",
      "province": "Zhejiang",
      "funder": "Hangzhou Municipal Government (杭州市人民政府)",
      "instrument": "杭政办函〔2026〕9号: excellent open-source projects/products",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "companies-developing",
      "year": 2026,
      "period": "2026-2028",
      "amount": 500000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://zfgb.hangzhou.gov.cn/10/104220263/t101220263044/530342.shtml"
      ],
      "note": "最高50万元 per selected excellent project/product.",
      "selection": "competitive-review",
      "conditions": "Hangzhou entity; incubation project hosted by a national open-source organisation (e.g. OpenAtom)",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "municipal government / local bureau",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear — requires national open-source organisation",
      "outputs_required": "incubated OSS project / product",
      "eur": 61587.73172384062,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 20529.24390794687
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-hangzhou-oss-platform-2026",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Hangzhou",
      "province": "Zhejiang",
      "funder": "Hangzhou Municipal Government (杭州市人民政府)",
      "instrument": "杭政办函〔2026〕9号: open-source platform grants",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "mixed",
      "year": 2026,
      "period": "2026-2028",
      "amount": 2000000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://zfgb.hangzhou.gov.cn/10/104220263/t101220263044/530342.shtml"
      ],
      "note": "RMB 2M platform grants (verified per docs/MULTILEVEL-ANALYSIS.md).",
      "selection": "competitive-review",
      "conditions": "Hangzhou entity; incubation project hosted by a national open-source organisation (e.g. OpenAtom)",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "municipal government / local bureau",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear — requires national open-source organisation",
      "outputs_required": "incubated OSS project / product",
      "eur": 246350.92689536247,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 82116.97563178749
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-shenzhen-major-oss-commercial-distro-2024",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Shenzhen",
      "province": "Guangdong",
      "funder": "Shenzhen MIIT Bureau (深圳市工业和信息化局)",
      "instrument": "软件产业高质量发展项目: 重大开源项目 商业发行版软件推广",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "companies-developing",
      "year": 2024,
      "amount": 10000000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://gxj.sz.gov.cn/xxgk/xxgkml/qt/tzgg/content/post_11265251.html",
        "https://gxj.sz.gov.cn/attachment/1/1441/1441739/11265251.zip",
        "https://news.pedaily.cn/20240508/85397.shtml",
        "https://www.ithome.com/0/765/114.htm"
      ],
      "note": "Guide 2024 (A): 30% of audited sales (actual receipts) of the commercial distribution and services in the prior year, within the annual budget; sales ≥5M yuan; distro must be certified by the upstream community; government-funded projects excluded. Press reports a 10M cap (C; cap line not in the guide text extracted). Guide definition (A): 重大开源项目 = project donated to OpenAtom by a Shenzhen company or subsidiary; terminal OS needs >300M devices; server OS needs the donor in the Linux kernel changeset top list for every kernel release of the past year; others need city-government approval (in practice OpenHarmony and openEuler, both Huawei-donated: inference).",
      "selection": "open-call (annual guide), competitive-review, 受专项资金年度预算总额控制",
      "conditions": "Shenzhen software firm selling commercial distribution of a major open-source project; rate on audited sales",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "local bureau (深圳市工业和信息化局)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "commercial sales (subsidy base); no upstream requirement reported",
      "eur": 1284109.1492776887,
      "rate": 7.7875,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 1284109.1492776887
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-shenzhen-major-oss-chip-module-2024",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Shenzhen",
      "province": "Guangdong",
      "funder": "Shenzhen MIIT Bureau (深圳市工业和信息化局)",
      "instrument": "重大开源项目: 终端操作系统芯片模组采购 (OpenHarmony devices)",
      "instrument_type": "adoption-subsidy",
      "beneficiary": "companies-adopting",
      "year": 2024,
      "period": "2024-2026",
      "amount": null,
      "amount_type": "unknown",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://gxj.sz.gov.cn/xxgk/xxgkml/qt/tzgg/content/post_11265251.html",
        "https://gxj.sz.gov.cn/attachment/1/1441/1441739/11265251.zip",
        "https://news.pedaily.cn/20240508/85397.shtml"
      ],
      "note": "Guide 2024 (A): per-device baseline 10 yuan (128KB–1MB RAM), 40 yuan (1–128MB), 150 yuan (≥128MB); paid at 50%/40%/30% of baseline in years 1–3; phones and tablets excluded; device must be certified by the OS community; module purchases ≥1M yuan at baseline. No total budget published. Guide definition (A): 重大开源项目 = project donated to OpenAtom by a Shenzhen company or subsidiary; terminal OS needs >300M devices; server OS needs the donor in the Linux kernel changeset top list for every kernel release of the past year; others need city-government approval (in practice OpenHarmony and openEuler, both Huawei-donated: inference).",
      "selection": "open-call, automatic per-unit",
      "conditions": "terminal makers buying open-source-OS (OpenHarmony) chip modules",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "local bureau (深圳市工业和信息化局)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "device shipments",
      "eur": 0,
      "rate": 7.7875,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 0
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-shenzhen-major-oss-award-2024b",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Shenzhen",
      "province": "Guangdong",
      "funder": "Shenzhen MIIT Bureau (深圳市工业和信息化局)",
      "instrument": "2024年软件产业高质量发展扶持计划（第二批）重大开源项目 拟资助项目公示 (25 Nov 2024)",
      "instrument_type": "adoption-subsidy",
      "beneficiary": "companies-adopting",
      "year": 2024,
      "amount": 8320000,
      "amount_type": "proposed-award",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://gxj.sz.gov.cn/gkmlpt/content/11/11814/post_11814233.html",
        "https://gxj.sz.gov.cn/attachment/1/1513/1513212/11814233.xls"
      ],
      "note": "Award notice + 公示表 (A, archived 4 Nov 2026 from a European residential IP, no VPN): 4 firms, 832万元 total: 深圳鸿元智通 Zhihongmeta OS v1.0 distribution 151万 (commercial-distro line); 证通电子 OpenHarmony finance/e-government IoT terminals 279万, 黑蜂智造 smart visual ear-cleaning device 245万, 前海联大 cloud speaker 157万 (chip-module line). Proposed award; final payment per 资金下达文件. Not summable: one batch only, batch 1 not found. Finding (inference): the money rewards OpenHarmony device shipments and a downstream distro, not upstream development. The .xls also contains an unrelated second sheet (首版次软件 audit summary, 27 firms) — out of scope.",
      "selection": "open-call, audit by third-party accountant, 公示 7 working days",
      "conditions": "see cn-shenzhen-major-oss-commercial-distro-2024 and cn-shenzhen-major-oss-chip-module-2024",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "local bureau (深圳市工业和信息化局)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "Shenzhen-registered firms only",
      "outputs_required": "commercial sales / certified device shipments; no code release required",
      "eur": 1068378.812199037,
      "rate": 7.7875,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 1068378.812199037
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": false,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-shenzhen-openharmony-riscv-equipment-2026",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Shenzhen",
      "province": "Guangdong",
      "funder": "Shenzhen Municipal Government / Shenzhen MIIT Bureau (深圳市工业和信息化局)",
      "instrument": "Industrial equipment renewal measures, item 5 OpenHarmony/RISC-V (深府办规〔2026〕1号)",
      "instrument_type": "adoption-subsidy",
      "beneficiary": "companies-adopting",
      "year": 2026,
      "amount": 10000000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "partial",
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.sz.gov.cn/zfgb/2026/gb1408/content/post_12722449.html",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020120659/https://www.sz.gov.cn/zfgb/2026/gb1408/content/post_12722449.html"
      ],
      "note": "Upgrade projects ≥5M yuan adopting OpenHarmony: up to 15% of approved investment, +5% for OpenHarmony-adapted RISC-V chips; 单个项目最高1000万元. Reused from catalogue cn-shenzhen-openharmony-industrial-subsidy.",
      "selection": "open-call, approval by Shenzhen MIIT bureau",
      "conditions": "local industrial firm; upgrade investment ≥5M yuan; must adopt OpenHarmony OS (+RISC-V chips adapted to OpenHarmony for +5%)",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "local bureau (深圳市工业和信息化局)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "deployment of OpenHarmony in production equipment; no code release required",
      "eur": 1231754.6344768123,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": true,
      "annualEur": 1231754.6344768123
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": false,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-wuhan-excellent-oss-2024",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Wuhan",
      "province": "Hubei",
      "funder": "Wuhan Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology (武汉市经信局)",
      "instrument": "2024年武汉市优秀开源软件项目和开源社区 (award list, 武推新工〔2024〕02号)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "projects-and-communities",
      "year": 2024,
      "amount": null,
      "amount_type": "unknown",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://jxj.wuhan.gov.cn/xwzx_9/tztg/202502/t20250213_2532333.html"
      ],
      "note": "Award notice 13 Feb 2025: 10 projects (deepin, Jupiter/Douyu, RustSBI and open EDA/HUST, LuoJiaNET and kunpengsecl/WHU, Uotan Toolbox, 凹语言, OpenHIS, NextDenovo) + 1 community (deepin). Amount not in notice; press reports ¥300k per project (C, not used). First Chinese award-stage list verified on the original (archived).",
      "selection": "recommendation by universities and district bureaus + expert review",
      "conditions": "Wuhan-based applicants; evaluation rules 武汉市优秀开源软件项目和开源社区评价办法（试行）",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "municipal bureau",
      "openness_to_foreign": "local applicants only",
      "outputs_required": "existing open-source project/community (prize-style, ex post)",
      "eur": 0,
      "rate": 7.7875,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 0
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-wuhan-donghu-oss-native-app-2025",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Wuhan (East Lake High-tech Zone)",
      "province": "Hubei",
      "funder": "Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone (东湖高新区)",
      "instrument": "加快促进软件和信息技术服务业创新发展的若干措施: major open-source native apps",
      "instrument_type": "adoption-subsidy",
      "beneficiary": "companies-adopting",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 30000000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.yicai.com/news/102513678.html",
        "https://m.c114.com.cn/w241-1285598.html"
      ],
      "note": "按研发费用投入的50%给予专项支持，单个项目最高3000万元 (OpenHarmony-native head applications in industry/health).",
      "selection": "competitive-review (每年评审)",
      "conditions": "enterprises in East Lake zone; based on major open-source projects / OpenHarmony",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "zone administration (东湖高新区)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "commercial sales, certification, or donation of code to key open-source foundations",
      "eur": 3695263.903430437,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 3695263.903430437
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-wuhan-donghu-oss-commercial-distro-2025",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Wuhan (East Lake High-tech Zone)",
      "province": "Hubei",
      "funder": "Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone (东湖高新区)",
      "instrument": "若干措施: commercial distributions of major open-source projects",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "companies-developing",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 5000000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.yicai.com/news/102513678.html"
      ],
      "note": "基于重大开源项目的商业发行版软件 给予单个最高500万元的奖励.",
      "selection": "competitive-review (每年评审)",
      "conditions": "enterprises in East Lake zone; based on major open-source projects / OpenHarmony",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "zone administration (东湖高新区)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "commercial sales, certification, or donation of code to key open-source foundations",
      "eur": 615877.3172384062,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 615877.3172384062
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-wuhan-donghu-oss-donation-award-2025",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Wuhan (East Lake High-tech Zone)",
      "province": "Hubei",
      "funder": "Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone (东湖高新区)",
      "instrument": "若干措施: award for donating projects to key open-source foundations",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "companies-developing",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 1000000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.yicai.com/news/102513678.html"
      ],
      "note": "将优质开源软件项目捐赠给重点开源机构并被接收的，给予100万元一次性奖励.",
      "selection": "competitive-review (每年评审)",
      "conditions": "enterprises in East Lake zone; based on major open-source projects / OpenHarmony",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "zone administration (东湖高新区)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "commercial sales, certification, or donation of code to key open-source foundations",
      "eur": 123175.46344768124,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 123175.46344768124
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-wuhan-excellent-oss-project-2025",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Wuhan (East Lake High-tech Zone)",
      "province": "Hubei",
      "funder": "Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone (东湖高新区)",
      "instrument": "若干措施: Wuhan excellent open-source software projects",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 300000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.yicai.com/news/102513678.html"
      ],
      "note": "单个项目给予30万元奖励，每家企业每年不超过150万元.",
      "selection": "competitive-review (每年评审)",
      "conditions": "enterprises in East Lake zone; based on major open-source projects / OpenHarmony",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "zone administration (东湖高新区)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "commercial sales, certification, or donation of code to key open-source foundations",
      "eur": 36952.63903430437,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 36952.63903430437
    },
    {
      "side": "CN",
      "currency": "CNY",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "summable": false,
      "id": "cn-wuhan-donghu-oss-device-cert-2025",
      "level": "cn-city",
      "jurisdiction": "Wuhan (East Lake High-tech Zone)",
      "province": "Hubei",
      "funder": "Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone (东湖高新区)",
      "instrument": "若干措施: OpenHarmony device/app adaptation certification",
      "instrument_type": "adoption-subsidy",
      "beneficiary": "companies-adopting",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 500000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "evidence": "C",
      "sources": [
        "https://m.c114.com.cn/w241-1285598.html"
      ],
      "note": "Reported: 轻量/小型/标准设备认证 2/5/10万元, 每家企业最高50万元; native-app certification 10万元/项, max 50万元 per firm.",
      "selection": "competitive-review (每年评审)",
      "conditions": "enterprises in East Lake zone; based on major open-source projects / OpenHarmony",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "intermediary": "zone administration (东湖高新区)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear (not stated in source read)",
      "outputs_required": "commercial sales, certification, or donation of code to key open-source foundations",
      "eur": 61587.73172384062,
      "rate": 8.1185,
      "approxRate": false,
      "annualEur": 61587.73172384062
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "be-eclipse-foundation-revenue-2020",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Belgium",
      "funder": "Eclipse Foundation AISBL (group revenue)",
      "instrument": "Total group revenue (membership + working-group fees + EU research grants + services)",
      "instrument_type": "membership-fees",
      "year": 2020,
      "amount": 6700000,
      "currency": "USD",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.eclipse.org/org/foundation/reports/2021_annual_report.php"
      ],
      "note": "Combined group revenue as stated in the Eclipse annual community report (latest restatement; 2024 first reported as 12.8M EUR, restated 13.5M). Not split by source: includes EU-funded research projects (Research@Eclipse, 16 active in 2025) which are PUBLIC money, so summable=false for the private total. Corporate membership + working-group fees are the bulk (INFERENCE). Strategic members (15 in 2026) include non-European IBM, Oracle, Microsoft (US), Huawei (CN), Google (US, from Apr 2026) alongside SAP, Bosch and other EU firms. Pre-2022 figures in USD (2020 actual, 2021 combined revenue 7.6M USD per 2022 report).",
      "eur": null,
      "rate": null,
      "annualEur": null
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "be-eclipse-foundation-revenue-2021",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Belgium",
      "funder": "Eclipse Foundation AISBL (group revenue)",
      "instrument": "Total group revenue (membership + working-group fees + EU research grants + services)",
      "instrument_type": "membership-fees",
      "year": 2021,
      "amount": 7600000,
      "currency": "USD",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.eclipse.org/org/foundation/reports/2022_annual_report.php"
      ],
      "note": "Combined group revenue as stated in the Eclipse annual community report (latest restatement; 2024 first reported as 12.8M EUR, restated 13.5M). Not split by source: includes EU-funded research projects (Research@Eclipse, 16 active in 2025) which are PUBLIC money, so summable=false for the private total. Corporate membership + working-group fees are the bulk (INFERENCE). Strategic members (15 in 2026) include non-European IBM, Oracle, Microsoft (US), Huawei (CN), Google (US, from Apr 2026) alongside SAP, Bosch and other EU firms. Pre-2022 figures in USD (2020 actual, 2021 combined revenue 7.6M USD per 2022 report).",
      "eur": null,
      "rate": null,
      "annualEur": null
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "be-eclipse-foundation-revenue-2022",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Belgium",
      "funder": "Eclipse Foundation AISBL (group revenue)",
      "instrument": "Total group revenue (membership + working-group fees + EU research grants + services)",
      "instrument_type": "membership-fees",
      "year": 2022,
      "amount": 9400000,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.eclipse.org/org/foundation/reports/2023_annual_report.php"
      ],
      "note": "Combined group revenue as stated in the Eclipse annual community report (latest restatement; 2024 first reported as 12.8M EUR, restated 13.5M). Not split by source: includes EU-funded research projects (Research@Eclipse, 16 active in 2025) which are PUBLIC money, so summable=false for the private total. Corporate membership + working-group fees are the bulk (INFERENCE). Strategic members (15 in 2026) include non-European IBM, Oracle, Microsoft (US), Huawei (CN), Google (US, from Apr 2026) alongside SAP, Bosch and other EU firms. Pre-2022 figures in USD (2020 actual, 2021 combined revenue 7.6M USD per 2022 report).",
      "eur": 9400000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 9400000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "be-eclipse-foundation-revenue-2023",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Belgium",
      "funder": "Eclipse Foundation AISBL (group revenue)",
      "instrument": "Total group revenue (membership + working-group fees + EU research grants + services)",
      "instrument_type": "membership-fees",
      "year": 2023,
      "amount": 11300000,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.eclipse.org/org/foundation/reports/2025_annual_report.php"
      ],
      "note": "Combined group revenue as stated in the Eclipse annual community report (latest restatement; 2024 first reported as 12.8M EUR, restated 13.5M). Not split by source: includes EU-funded research projects (Research@Eclipse, 16 active in 2025) which are PUBLIC money, so summable=false for the private total. Corporate membership + working-group fees are the bulk (INFERENCE). Strategic members (15 in 2026) include non-European IBM, Oracle, Microsoft (US), Huawei (CN), Google (US, from Apr 2026) alongside SAP, Bosch and other EU firms. Pre-2022 figures in USD (2020 actual, 2021 combined revenue 7.6M USD per 2022 report).",
      "eur": 11300000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 11300000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "be-eclipse-foundation-revenue-2024",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Belgium",
      "funder": "Eclipse Foundation AISBL (group revenue)",
      "instrument": "Total group revenue (membership + working-group fees + EU research grants + services)",
      "instrument_type": "membership-fees",
      "year": 2024,
      "amount": 13500000,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.eclipse.org/org/foundation/reports/2025_annual_report.php"
      ],
      "note": "Combined group revenue as stated in the Eclipse annual community report (latest restatement; 2024 first reported as 12.8M EUR, restated 13.5M). Not split by source: includes EU-funded research projects (Research@Eclipse, 16 active in 2025) which are PUBLIC money, so summable=false for the private total. Corporate membership + working-group fees are the bulk (INFERENCE). Strategic members (15 in 2026) include non-European IBM, Oracle, Microsoft (US), Huawei (CN), Google (US, from Apr 2026) alongside SAP, Bosch and other EU firms. Pre-2022 figures in USD (2020 actual, 2021 combined revenue 7.6M USD per 2022 report).",
      "eur": 13500000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 13500000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "be-eclipse-foundation-revenue-2025",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Belgium",
      "funder": "Eclipse Foundation AISBL (group revenue)",
      "instrument": "Total group revenue (membership + working-group fees + EU research grants + services)",
      "instrument_type": "membership-fees",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 15400000,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.eclipse.org/org/foundation/reports/annual_report.php"
      ],
      "note": "Combined group revenue as stated in the Eclipse annual community report (latest restatement; 2024 first reported as 12.8M EUR, restated 13.5M). Not split by source: includes EU-funded research projects (Research@Eclipse, 16 active in 2025) which are PUBLIC money, so summable=false for the private total. Corporate membership + working-group fees are the bulk (INFERENCE). Strategic members (15 in 2026) include non-European IBM, Oracle, Microsoft (US), Huawei (CN), Google (US, from Apr 2026) alongside SAP, Bosch and other EU firms. Pre-2022 figures in USD (2020 actual, 2021 combined revenue 7.6M USD per 2022 report).",
      "eur": 15400000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 15400000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "de-fsfe-sponsoring-2020",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "Free Software Foundation Europe e.V. (FSFE)",
      "instrument": "Sponsoring income line, annual income & expenses report",
      "instrument_type": "sponsorship",
      "year": 2020,
      "amount": 32605.04,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://fsfe.org/about/funds/2020.en.html"
      ],
      "note": "'Sponsoring' line of FSFE income statement (assumed corporate). Excluded: individual supporter contributions/donations (e.g. 2023 €189.9k + €214.9k) and EU NGI Zero funds (public; e.g. 2022 €174k, 2023 €36.9k, 2024 €48.8k). Total income: 2020 €489k, 2021 €618k, 2022 €773k, 2023 €586k, 2024 €1,061k.",
      "eur": 32605.04,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 32605.04
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "de-kde-ev-patrons-2020",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "KDE e.V.",
      "instrument": "Patrons / corporate supporting members income, annual report",
      "instrument_type": "membership-fees",
      "year": 2020,
      "amount": 43900,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://ev.kde.org/reports/ev-2020/"
      ],
      "note": "Patrons/Corporates line; total income 218823.87 EUR. Excluded: individual supporting members & donations (majority) and Akademy income (partly corporate event sponsorship, not split). Patrons (2024 board report): Blue Systems (DE), SUSE (DE), The Qt Company (FI), g10 Code (DE), MBition (DE, Mercedes), Tuxedo (DE), Slimbook (ES), Kubuntu Focus (US), Canonical (UK), Google (US).",
      "eur": 43900,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 43900
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "de-fsfe-sponsoring-2021",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "Free Software Foundation Europe e.V. (FSFE)",
      "instrument": "Sponsoring income line, annual income & expenses report",
      "instrument_type": "sponsorship",
      "year": 2021,
      "amount": 71817.83,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://fsfe.org/about/funds/2021.en.html"
      ],
      "note": "'Sponsoring' line of FSFE income statement (assumed corporate). Excluded: individual supporter contributions/donations (e.g. 2023 €189.9k + €214.9k) and EU NGI Zero funds (public; e.g. 2022 €174k, 2023 €36.9k, 2024 €48.8k). Total income: 2020 €489k, 2021 €618k, 2022 €773k, 2023 €586k, 2024 €1,061k.",
      "eur": 71817.83,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 71817.83
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "de-kde-ev-patrons-2021",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "KDE e.V.",
      "instrument": "Patrons / corporate supporting members income, annual report",
      "instrument_type": "membership-fees",
      "year": 2021,
      "amount": 64700,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://ev.kde.org/reports/ev-2021/"
      ],
      "note": "Patrons/Corporates line; total income 238929.67 EUR. Excluded: individual supporting members & donations (majority) and Akademy income (partly corporate event sponsorship, not split). Patrons (2024 board report): Blue Systems (DE), SUSE (DE), The Qt Company (FI), g10 Code (DE), MBition (DE, Mercedes), Tuxedo (DE), Slimbook (ES), Kubuntu Focus (US), Canonical (UK), Google (US).",
      "eur": 64700,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 64700
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "de-fsfe-sponsoring-2022",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "Free Software Foundation Europe e.V. (FSFE)",
      "instrument": "Sponsoring income line, annual income & expenses report",
      "instrument_type": "sponsorship",
      "year": 2022,
      "amount": 81914.5,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://fsfe.org/about/funds/2022.en.html"
      ],
      "note": "'Sponsoring' line of FSFE income statement (assumed corporate). Excluded: individual supporter contributions/donations (e.g. 2023 €189.9k + €214.9k) and EU NGI Zero funds (public; e.g. 2022 €174k, 2023 €36.9k, 2024 €48.8k). Total income: 2020 €489k, 2021 €618k, 2022 €773k, 2023 €586k, 2024 €1,061k.",
      "eur": 81914.5,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 81914.5
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "de-kde-ev-patrons-2022",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "KDE e.V.",
      "instrument": "Patrons / corporate supporting members income, annual report",
      "instrument_type": "membership-fees",
      "year": 2022,
      "amount": 67000,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://ev.kde.org/reports/ev-2022/"
      ],
      "note": "Patrons/Corporates line; total income 285495.97 EUR. Excluded: individual supporting members & donations (majority) and Akademy income (partly corporate event sponsorship, not split). Patrons (2024 board report): Blue Systems (DE), SUSE (DE), The Qt Company (FI), g10 Code (DE), MBition (DE, Mercedes), Tuxedo (DE), Slimbook (ES), Kubuntu Focus (US), Canonical (UK), Google (US).",
      "eur": 67000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 67000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "de-fsfe-sponsoring-2023",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "Free Software Foundation Europe e.V. (FSFE)",
      "instrument": "Sponsoring income line, annual income & expenses report",
      "instrument_type": "sponsorship",
      "year": 2023,
      "amount": 92951.17,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://fsfe.org/about/funds/2023.en.html"
      ],
      "note": "'Sponsoring' line of FSFE income statement (assumed corporate). Excluded: individual supporter contributions/donations (e.g. 2023 €189.9k + €214.9k) and EU NGI Zero funds (public; e.g. 2022 €174k, 2023 €36.9k, 2024 €48.8k). Total income: 2020 €489k, 2021 €618k, 2022 €773k, 2023 €586k, 2024 €1,061k.",
      "eur": 92951.17,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 92951.17
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "de-kde-ev-patrons-2023",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "KDE e.V.",
      "instrument": "Patrons / corporate supporting members income, annual report",
      "instrument_type": "membership-fees",
      "year": 2023,
      "amount": 80219.74,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://ev.kde.org/reports/ev-2023/"
      ],
      "note": "Patrons/Corporates line; total income 349332.65 EUR. Excluded: individual supporting members & donations (majority) and Akademy income (partly corporate event sponsorship, not split). Patrons (2024 board report): Blue Systems (DE), SUSE (DE), The Qt Company (FI), g10 Code (DE), MBition (DE, Mercedes), Tuxedo (DE), Slimbook (ES), Kubuntu Focus (US), Canonical (UK), Google (US).",
      "eur": 80219.74,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 80219.74
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "de-fsfe-sponsoring-2024",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "Free Software Foundation Europe e.V. (FSFE)",
      "instrument": "Sponsoring income line, annual income & expenses report",
      "instrument_type": "sponsorship",
      "year": 2024,
      "amount": 100833.84,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://fsfe.org/about/funds/2024.en.html"
      ],
      "note": "'Sponsoring' line of FSFE income statement (assumed corporate). Excluded: individual supporter contributions/donations (e.g. 2023 €189.9k + €214.9k) and EU NGI Zero funds (public; e.g. 2022 €174k, 2023 €36.9k, 2024 €48.8k). Total income: 2020 €489k, 2021 €618k, 2022 €773k, 2023 €586k, 2024 €1,061k.",
      "eur": 100833.84,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 100833.84
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "de-kde-ev-patrons-2024",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "KDE e.V.",
      "instrument": "Patrons / corporate supporting members income, annual report",
      "instrument_type": "membership-fees",
      "year": 2024,
      "amount": 67377.93,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://ev.kde.org/reports/ev-2024/"
      ],
      "note": "Patrons/Corporates line; total income 641525 EUR. Excluded: individual supporting members & donations (majority) and Akademy income (partly corporate event sponsorship, not split). Patrons (2024 board report): Blue Systems (DE), SUSE (DE), The Qt Company (FI), g10 Code (DE), MBition (DE, Mercedes), Tuxedo (DE), Slimbook (ES), Kubuntu Focus (US), Canonical (UK), Google (US).",
      "eur": 67377.93,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 67377.93
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "de-tdf-income-2024",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "The Document Foundation (Stiftung)",
      "instrument": "Total income (mainly individual donations)",
      "instrument_type": "donation",
      "year": 2024,
      "amount": 1387589,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "C",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.punto-informatico.it/libreoffice-tdf-supera-2-milioni-euro-entrate-2025/"
      ],
      "note": "Total income per TDF 2025 report as relayed by press. Overwhelmingly individual donations; corporate (Advisory Board fees) not itemised - not summable as corporate.",
      "eur": 1387589,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 1387589
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "beneficiary": "open-source-projects",
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "selection": "n/a",
      "conditions": "n/a",
      "sovereignty_frame": "private corporate money",
      "intermediary": "n/a",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "n/a",
      "id": "de-tdf-income-2025",
      "level": "private-foundation",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "The Document Foundation (Stiftung)",
      "instrument": "Total income (donations 1,976,825; sales/sponsorship/other 168,975 incl. App Store 118,942)",
      "instrument_type": "donation",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 2175997,
      "currency": "EUR",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://blog.documentfoundation.org/blog/2026/07/13/financials-and-budget-tdf-annual-report-2025/",
        "https://www.punto-informatico.it/libreoffice-tdf-supera-2-milioni-euro-entrate-2025/"
      ],
      "note": "Corporate share small (Advisory Board: e.g. Collabora, AMD, Google historically) and not itemised; donations are mostly individual. Not summable as corporate.",
      "eur": 2175997,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 2175997
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "eu-ngi0-pet-2018",
      "level": "eu-institution",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "funder": "European Commission (DG CNECT), Horizon grant to NLnet-led consortium",
      "instrument": "Next Generation Internet - NGI0 PET (cascade grants to FOSS projects)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2018,
      "period": "2018-11-01 to 2022-10-31",
      "amount": 7000000,
      "amount_type": "committed-envelope",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/825310"
      ],
      "note": "CORDIS grant 825310: ecMaxContribution EUR 7000000 (= totalCost), 2018-11-01 to 2022-10-31. EU maximum contribution, multi-year; includes consortium overhead, not only cascade grants. Annualise separately.",
      "selection": "open-call (bimonthly calls, independent review)",
      "conditions": "FOSS licence for outputs; small R&D grants via cascade funding",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (Horizon CL4 \"human-centric internet\" topic; no sovereignty quote captured)",
      "intermediary": "NLnet Foundation (consortium coordinator)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear - not verified from source text",
      "outputs_required": "open-source code; milestone-based payments",
      "eur": 7000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 7000000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "eu-ngi0-discovery-2018",
      "level": "eu-institution",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "funder": "European Commission (DG CNECT), Horizon grant to NLnet-led consortium",
      "instrument": "Next Generation Internet - NGI0 Discovery (cascade grants to FOSS projects)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2018,
      "period": "2018-11-01 to 2022-10-31",
      "amount": 7000000,
      "amount_type": "committed-envelope",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/825322"
      ],
      "note": "CORDIS grant 825322: ecMaxContribution EUR 7000000 (= totalCost), 2018-11-01 to 2022-10-31. EU maximum contribution, multi-year; includes consortium overhead, not only cascade grants. Annualise separately.",
      "selection": "open-call (bimonthly calls, independent review)",
      "conditions": "FOSS licence for outputs; small R&D grants via cascade funding",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (Horizon CL4 \"human-centric internet\" topic; no sovereignty quote captured)",
      "intermediary": "NLnet Foundation (consortium coordinator)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear - not verified from source text",
      "outputs_required": "open-source code; milestone-based payments",
      "eur": 7000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 7000000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "eu-ngi0-entrust-2022",
      "level": "eu-institution",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "funder": "European Commission (DG CNECT), Horizon grant to NLnet-led consortium",
      "instrument": "Next Generation Internet - NGI0 Entrust (cascade grants to FOSS projects)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2022,
      "period": "2022-08-01 to 2026-01-31",
      "amount": 12499375,
      "amount_type": "committed-envelope",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101069594"
      ],
      "note": "CORDIS grant 101069594: ecMaxContribution EUR 12499375 (= totalCost), 2022-08-01 to 2026-01-31. EU maximum contribution, multi-year; includes consortium overhead, not only cascade grants. Annualise separately.",
      "selection": "open-call (bimonthly calls, independent review)",
      "conditions": "FOSS licence for outputs; small R&D grants via cascade funding",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (Horizon CL4 \"human-centric internet\" topic; no sovereignty quote captured)",
      "intermediary": "NLnet Foundation (consortium coordinator)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear - not verified from source text",
      "outputs_required": "open-source code; milestone-based payments",
      "eur": 12499375,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 12499375
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "eu-ngi0-core-2023",
      "level": "eu-institution",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "funder": "European Commission (DG CNECT), Horizon grant to NLnet-led consortium",
      "instrument": "Next Generation Internet - NGI0 Core (cascade grants to FOSS projects)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2023,
      "period": "2023-01-01 to 2026-12-31",
      "amount": 11499375,
      "amount_type": "committed-envelope",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101092990"
      ],
      "note": "CORDIS grant 101092990: ecMaxContribution EUR 11499375 (= totalCost), 2023-01-01 to 2026-12-31. EU maximum contribution, multi-year; includes consortium overhead, not only cascade grants. Annualise separately.",
      "selection": "open-call (bimonthly calls, independent review)",
      "conditions": "FOSS licence for outputs; small R&D grants via cascade funding",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (Horizon CL4 \"human-centric internet\" topic; no sovereignty quote captured)",
      "intermediary": "NLnet Foundation (consortium coordinator)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear - not verified from source text",
      "outputs_required": "open-source code; milestone-based payments",
      "eur": 11499375,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 11499375
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "eu-ngi0-commons-fund-2024",
      "level": "eu-institution",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "funder": "European Commission (DG CNECT), Horizon grant to NLnet-led consortium",
      "instrument": "Next Generation Internet - NGI0 Commons Fund (cascade grants to FOSS projects)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2024,
      "period": "2024-01-01 to 2027-06-30",
      "amount": 27499305.5,
      "amount_type": "committed-envelope",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101135429"
      ],
      "note": "CORDIS grant 101135429: ecMaxContribution EUR 27499305.5 (= totalCost), 2024-01-01 to 2027-06-30. EU maximum contribution, multi-year; includes consortium overhead, not only cascade grants. Annualise separately.",
      "selection": "open-call (bimonthly calls, independent review)",
      "conditions": "FOSS licence for outputs; small R&D grants via cascade funding",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (Horizon CL4 \"human-centric internet\" topic; no sovereignty quote captured)",
      "intermediary": "NLnet Foundation (consortium coordinator)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear - not verified from source text",
      "outputs_required": "open-source code; milestone-based payments",
      "eur": 27499305.5,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 27499305.5
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "eu-ngi-cut-2024",
      "level": "eu-institution",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "funder": "European Commission",
      "instrument": "Next Generation Internet - reported cut in Horizon Europe WP 2025",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2024,
      "amount": 27000000,
      "amount_type": "unknown",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "C",
      "sources": [
        "https://fsfe.org/news/podcast/transcript/2024/episode-26.html"
      ],
      "note": "Negative signal, not funding: FSFE podcast states \"this funding was actually cut by 27 million euros\"; another FSFE episode says \"almost €26 million\". Do not sum.",
      "selection": "open-call (bimonthly calls, independent review)",
      "conditions": "FOSS licence for outputs; small R&D grants via cascade funding",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (Horizon CL4 \"human-centric internet\" topic; no sovereignty quote captured)",
      "intermediary": "NLnet Foundation (consortium coordinator)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear - not verified from source text",
      "outputs_required": "open-source code; milestone-based payments",
      "eur": 27000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 27000000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "eu-chips-ju-riscv-auto-2024",
      "level": "eu-institution",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "funder": "Chips Joint Undertaking",
      "instrument": "Call 2024 focus topic: open-source RISC-V reference hardware platform for SDV",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "companies-developing",
      "year": 2024,
      "amount": 20000000,
      "amount_type": "budgeted",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.chips-ju.europa.eu/Closed-Calls"
      ],
      "note": "Chips JU closed-calls listing: \"Indicative EU Budget: 20 M€\" for open-source industry-grade RISC-V reference platform. Call budget funding multi-year projects, not annual.",
      "selection": "competitive-review (Chips JU call)",
      "conditions": "EU + participating-state funding with private co-financing",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear",
      "intermediary": "Chips Joint Undertaking",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear",
      "outputs_required": "open-source RISC-V reference hardware platform (2024 topic)",
      "eur": 20000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 20000000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "eu-openeurollm-2025",
      "level": "eu-institution",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "funder": "European Commission, Digital Europe Programme",
      "instrument": "OpenEuroLLM (open-source multilingual LLMs, STEP Seal)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "mixed",
      "year": 2025,
      "period": "2025-02 to 2028-01",
      "amount": 20600000,
      "amount_type": "committed-envelope",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/de/news/pioneering-ai-project-awarded-opening-large-language-models-european-languages"
      ],
      "note": "EC press 3 Feb 2025: \"Gesamtbudget von 37,4 Mio. EUR\", of which EUR 20.6m from Digital Europe (EU share recorded). itsfoss \"€52m\" rejected as inconsistent.",
      "selection": "competitive-review (Digital Europe call)",
      "conditions": "consortium of EU research orgs and companies",
      "sovereignty_frame": "STEP Seal; EU language/AI sovereignty (no exact quote captured)",
      "intermediary": "European Commission (DG CNECT), consortium",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear",
      "outputs_required": "open-source multilingual LLMs",
      "eur": 20600000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 20600000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": false,
      "id": "eu-dare-sga1-2025",
      "level": "eu-institution",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "funder": "EuroHPC Joint Undertaking (Horizon Europe)",
      "instrument": "DARE SGA1 - Digital Autonomy with RISC-V in Europe",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "mixed",
      "year": 2025,
      "period": "2025-2027",
      "amount": 120000000,
      "amount_type": "committed-envelope",
      "oss_share": "partial",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "A",
      "sources": [
        "https://eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/advancing-european-sovereignty-hpc-risc-v-2025-03-06_en",
        "https://heise.de/-10308842"
      ],
      "note": "EuroHPC 6 Mar 2025: \"will receive European Union funding from the EuroHPC JU with a total budget of up to € 120 million\", matched by participating-state co-funding (EUR 240m total per heise). Open ISA hardware + software stack; OSS share not quantified.",
      "selection": "competitive-review (EuroHPC JU call)",
      "conditions": "matched by participating-state co-funding",
      "sovereignty_frame": "\"Digital Autonomy with RISC-V in Europe\"",
      "intermediary": "EuroHPC JU; coordinator BSC",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear",
      "outputs_required": "RISC-V processor + accelerators + software ecosystem",
      "eur": 120000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 40000000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": false,
      "id": "eu-chips-ju-riscv-auto-2025",
      "level": "eu-institution",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "funder": "Chips Joint Undertaking",
      "instrument": "Call 2025: RISC-V Automotive Hardware Platform (phase 2)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "companies-developing",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 40000000,
      "amount_type": "budgeted",
      "oss_share": "partial",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.chips-ju.europa.eu/Closed-Calls",
        "https://lovguiden.dk/en/det-offentlige/chips-joint-undertaking/2025-03-05-chips-ju-aabner-tre-opslag-om-avancerede-bilchips-og-ai-for-480-mio-euro"
      ],
      "note": "Listing: \"Indicative EU Budget: 40 M€\". Call budget, multi-year; open RISC-V architecture, OSS share unclear.",
      "selection": "competitive-review (Chips JU call)",
      "conditions": "EU + participating-state funding with private co-financing",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear",
      "intermediary": "Chips Joint Undertaking",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear",
      "outputs_required": "open-source RISC-V reference hardware platform (2024 topic)",
      "eur": 40000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 40000000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "eu-dc-edic-founding-2025",
      "level": "eu-institution",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "funder": "European Commission (Digital Europe, EDIC support)",
      "instrument": "Digital Commons EDIC - EU contribution (application estimate)",
      "instrument_type": "direct-spending",
      "beneficiary": "public-bodies",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 2500000,
      "amount_type": "committed-envelope",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.nldigitalgovernment.nl/?p=4457"
      ],
      "note": "NL Digital Government, 11 Jul 2025 (pre-approval): \"the European Union will fund almost €2.5 million of the EDIC budget\". Period not stated. DC-EDIC Implementation Strategy 2026-27 has no budget figures (docs/REVIEW-DRAFT.md).",
      "selection": "membership/donor (member-state consortium)",
      "conditions": "EDIC membership; delivery via EDCOM work packages",
      "sovereignty_frame": "digital commons / sovereignty (Implementation Strategy; see REVIEW-DRAFT)",
      "intermediary": "EDIC (DC-EDIC)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "no international/third-country dimension in IS (REVIEW-DRAFT Part 2)",
      "outputs_required": "Connect/Maintain/Deploy work packages",
      "eur": 2500000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 2500000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "eu-stf-proposal-2028",
      "level": "eu-institution",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "funder": "Proposed EU Sovereign Tech Fund (feasibility study / civil-society letter)",
      "instrument": "EU-STF proposal for MFF 2028-2034",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2028,
      "period": "2028-2034",
      "amount": 350000000,
      "amount_type": "unknown",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://openfuture.eu/blog/public-letter-calls-for-eu-investment-in-open-source-sustainability-through-an-eu-sovereign-tech-fund/",
        "https://github.blog/open-source/maintainers/we-need-a-european-sovereign-tech-fund/"
      ],
      "note": "Proposal, not a commitment: letter urges \"at least €350 million over seven years\". No adopted EU budget line found.",
      "selection": "unclear",
      "conditions": "unclear",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear",
      "intermediary": "European Commission",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear",
      "outputs_required": "unclear",
      "eur": 350000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 50000000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "eu-dc-edic-member-states-2025",
      "level": "member-state",
      "jurisdiction": "EU (FR, DE, IT, NL jointly)",
      "funder": "DC-EDIC founding member states",
      "instrument": "Digital Commons EDIC - member-state contributions (application estimate)",
      "instrument_type": "direct-spending",
      "beneficiary": "public-bodies",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 2800000,
      "amount_type": "committed-envelope",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.nldigitalgovernment.nl/?p=4457"
      ],
      "note": "Same source: \"member states will contribute over €2.8 million\". No per-country split; delivery largely in-kind via EDCOM (IS p.28).",
      "selection": "membership/donor (member-state consortium)",
      "conditions": "EDIC membership; delivery via EDCOM work packages",
      "sovereignty_frame": "digital commons / sovereignty (Implementation Strategy; see REVIEW-DRAFT)",
      "intermediary": "EDIC (DC-EDIC)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "no international/third-country dimension in IS (REVIEW-DRAFT Part 2)",
      "outputs_required": "Connect/Maintain/Deploy work packages",
      "eur": 2800000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 2800000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "fr-la-suite-numerique-2021",
      "level": "member-state",
      "jurisdiction": "France",
      "funder": "DINUM",
      "instrument": "La Suite numérique (open-source collaborative suite) - cumulative cost",
      "instrument_type": "direct-spending",
      "beneficiary": "public-bodies",
      "year": 2021,
      "period": "2021-2025",
      "amount": 40000000,
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "C",
      "sources": [
        "https://next.ink/188938/non-la-dinum-na-pas-prevu-dinjecter-120-millions-deuros-dans-la-suite-numerique/"
      ],
      "note": "DINUM figure via Next.ink: La Suite cost \"environ 40 M€\" since 2021. Cumulative; \"120 M€\" figure denied - not recorded.",
      "selection": "designated (in-house)",
      "conditions": "state use",
      "sovereignty_frame": "exit from Microsoft dependency (Cour des comptes context)",
      "intermediary": "DINUM",
      "openness_to_foreign": "n/a",
      "outputs_required": "open-source suite for administrations",
      "eur": 40000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 8000000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "fr-bluehats-prizes-2024",
      "level": "member-state",
      "jurisdiction": "France",
      "funder": "DINUM - Mission logiciels libres (with NLnet)",
      "instrument": "Prix BlueHats for maintainers",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2024,
      "amount": 40000,
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://linuxfr.org/news/la-mission-logiciels-libres-dinum-propose-4-prix-bluehats-de-10000-pour-soutenir-des-mainteneurs.epub"
      ],
      "note": "\"4 prix BlueHats de 10000€\" = EUR 40k. Payment assumed from announcement; verify.",
      "selection": "designated (prizes)",
      "conditions": "maintainers of critical, fragile free software",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear",
      "intermediary": "DINUM with NLnet",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear",
      "outputs_required": "none (recognition prize)",
      "eur": 40000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 40000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "de-prototype-fund-cumulative-2016",
      "level": "member-state",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "BMBF",
      "instrument": "Prototype Fund - cumulative grants rounds 1-16",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2016,
      "period": "2016-2025",
      "amount": 15500000,
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "C",
      "sources": [
        "https://chemnitzer.linux-tage.de/2024/media/programm/folien/183.pdf"
      ],
      "note": "CLT 2024 slides: \"15,5 Mio. € bisher bewilligt, 362 Projekte gefördert\" (to round 16). Cumulative; ~EUR 1.7m/yr if annualised.",
      "selection": "open-call (cohorts, jury)",
      "conditions": "individuals/small teams; FOSS licence",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (public-interest tech)",
      "intermediary": "Open Knowledge Foundation Germany / BMBF",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear",
      "outputs_required": "open-source prototype in 6 (+4) months",
      "eur": 15500000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 1550000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "de-sovereign-tech-fund-cumulative-2022",
      "level": "member-state",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "Sovereign Tech Agency",
      "instrument": "Sovereign Tech Fund - cumulative investments",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2022,
      "period": "2022-2025",
      "amount": 33600000,
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "C",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.sovereign.tech/press"
      ],
      "note": "Self-reported, from data/initiatives.json EUN-DE-02: \"EUR 33.6m invested in 96 technologies\" (STA newsletter Nov 2025). Cumulative; heise \"114m\" = requested volume.",
      "selection": "designated/direct-award (agency-led scouting + applications)",
      "conditions": "critical open digital infrastructure; service contracts",
      "sovereignty_frame": "\"Sovereign Tech\" - digital sovereignty",
      "intermediary": "Sovereign Tech Agency (SPRIND subsidiary)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear - not verified from source text",
      "outputs_required": "maintenance/security work on existing OSS",
      "eur": 33600000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 8400000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "de-sovereign-tech-fund-2023",
      "level": "member-state",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "BMWK via SPRIND / Sovereign Tech Fund",
      "instrument": "Sovereign Tech Fund (Bundeshaushalt)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2023,
      "amount": 11500000,
      "amount_type": "budgeted",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://netzpolitik.org/2024/open-source-bundestag-staerkt-sovereign-tech-fund/"
      ],
      "note": "netzpolitik.org 2024: \"Die Mittel für 2023 lagen bei 11,5 Millionen Euro\". Bundeshaushalt title not verified (Einzelplan 09 pending).",
      "selection": "designated/direct-award (agency-led scouting + applications)",
      "conditions": "critical open digital infrastructure; service contracts",
      "sovereignty_frame": "\"Sovereign Tech\" - digital sovereignty",
      "intermediary": "Sovereign Tech Agency (SPRIND subsidiary)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear - not verified from source text",
      "outputs_required": "maintenance/security work on existing OSS",
      "eur": 11500000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 11500000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "de-opendesk-cumulative-2023",
      "level": "member-state",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "Federal Government (BMI) via ZenDiS",
      "instrument": "openDesk development - cumulative prior years",
      "instrument_type": "direct-spending",
      "beneficiary": "public-bodies",
      "year": 2023,
      "period": "2023-2024",
      "amount": 35000000,
      "amount_type": "disbursed",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "C",
      "sources": [
        "https://cybernews.com/de/tech/private-opendesk-lizenzen/"
      ],
      "note": "Trade press: \"In den Vorjahren hat die Bundesregierung bereits rund 35 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung von Opendesk investiert\". Overlaps ZenDiS 2024; never sum together. Years approximate.",
      "selection": "designated/direct-award",
      "conditions": "federal administration use",
      "sovereignty_frame": "\"Digitale Souveränität\" (agency name)",
      "intermediary": "ZenDiS GmbH (federal company)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear",
      "outputs_required": "openDesk/openCoDE for public administration (adoption)",
      "eur": 35000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 17500000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "de-sovereign-tech-fund-2024",
      "level": "member-state",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "BMWK via SPRIND / Sovereign Tech Agency",
      "instrument": "Sovereign Tech Fund (Bundeshaushalt)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2024,
      "amount": 17000000,
      "amount_type": "budgeted",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://netzpolitik.org/2024/open-source-bundestag-staerkt-sovereign-tech-fund/"
      ],
      "note": "netzpolitik.org: \"für 2024 bei 17 Millionen\".",
      "selection": "designated/direct-award (agency-led scouting + applications)",
      "conditions": "critical open digital infrastructure; service contracts",
      "sovereignty_frame": "\"Sovereign Tech\" - digital sovereignty",
      "intermediary": "Sovereign Tech Agency (SPRIND subsidiary)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear - not verified from source text",
      "outputs_required": "maintenance/security work on existing OSS",
      "eur": 17000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 17000000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "de-zendis-2024",
      "level": "member-state",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "BMI - Zentrum für Digitale Souveränität (ZenDiS GmbH)",
      "instrument": "ZenDiS budget (openCoDE, openDesk)",
      "instrument_type": "direct-spending",
      "beneficiary": "public-bodies",
      "year": 2024,
      "amount": 19000000,
      "amount_type": "budgeted",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://netzpolitik.org/2024/zentrum-fuer-digitale-souveraenitaet-knappe-ressourcen-fuer-open-source/"
      ],
      "note": "netzpolitik.org: \"das Budget für 2024 beläuft sich auf gut 19 Millionen Euro\". A 2023 Bundestag resolution of EUR 34m reportedly not received - not recorded.",
      "selection": "designated/direct-award",
      "conditions": "federal administration use",
      "sovereignty_frame": "\"Digitale Souveränität\" (agency name)",
      "intermediary": "ZenDiS GmbH (federal company)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear",
      "outputs_required": "openDesk/openCoDE for public administration (adoption)",
      "eur": 19000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 19000000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "de-prototype-fund-cap-2024",
      "level": "member-state",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)",
      "instrument": "Prototype Fund (FOSS, 4-year extension from Nov 2024)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2024,
      "period": "2024-2028",
      "amount": 158000,
      "amount_type": "cap-per-project",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://netzpolitik.org/2024/millionen-foerderung-fuer-open-source-prototype-fund-startet-in-die-naechste-runde/"
      ],
      "note": "\"Insgesamt liegt der maximale Förderbetrag bei 158.000 Euro in zehn Monaten\"; 25-30 projects per cohort. Programme total not published.",
      "selection": "open-call (cohorts, jury)",
      "conditions": "individuals/small teams; FOSS licence",
      "sovereignty_frame": "unclear (public-interest tech)",
      "intermediary": "Open Knowledge Foundation Germany / BMBF",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear",
      "outputs_required": "open-source prototype in 6 (+4) months",
      "eur": 158000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 31600
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "de-sovereign-tech-fund-2025",
      "level": "member-state",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "BMWK / Sovereign Tech Agency",
      "instrument": "Sovereign Tech Fund (Bundeshaushalt 2025)",
      "instrument_type": "grant",
      "beneficiary": "oss-projects",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 19000000,
      "amount_type": "budgeted",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": true,
      "evidence": "B",
      "sources": [
        "https://netzpolitik.org/2024/open-source-bundestag-staerkt-sovereign-tech-fund/",
        "https://heise.de/-9979095"
      ],
      "note": "Derived: \"Der Fund soll 2025 gut 4 Millionen Euro erhalten zusätzlich zum Regierungsentwurf in Höhe von 15 Millionen\" -> ~EUR 19m. heise \"almost 29 million euros\" covers wider STA lines; not used. Verify final 2025 Haushalt.",
      "selection": "designated/direct-award (agency-led scouting + applications)",
      "conditions": "critical open digital infrastructure; service contracts",
      "sovereignty_frame": "\"Sovereign Tech\" - digital sovereignty",
      "intermediary": "Sovereign Tech Agency (SPRIND subsidiary)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear - not verified from source text",
      "outputs_required": "maintenance/security work on existing OSS",
      "eur": 19000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 19000000
    },
    {
      "side": "EU",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "oss_amount_known": true,
      "id": "de-opendesk-2025",
      "level": "member-state",
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "funder": "Federal Government (BMI) via ZenDiS",
      "instrument": "openDesk further development",
      "instrument_type": "direct-spending",
      "beneficiary": "public-bodies",
      "year": 2025,
      "amount": 10000000,
      "amount_type": "budgeted",
      "oss_share": "exclusive",
      "summable": false,
      "evidence": "C",
      "sources": [
        "https://cybernews.com/de/tech/private-opendesk-lizenzen/"
      ],
      "note": "\"Die Bundesregierung beabsichtigt, ZenDiS mit rund zehn Millionen Euro für die weitere Entwicklung der Suite im laufenden Jahr zu unterstützen\". Intention, single trade source; year inferred. Not summable until confirmed.",
      "selection": "designated/direct-award",
      "conditions": "federal administration use",
      "sovereignty_frame": "\"Digitale Souveränität\" (agency name)",
      "intermediary": "ZenDiS GmbH (federal company)",
      "openness_to_foreign": "unclear",
      "outputs_required": "openDesk/openCoDE for public administration (adoption)",
      "eur": 10000000,
      "rate": 1,
      "annualEur": 10000000
    }
  ]
}